Four: Rose Hadshar on why automating human labour will break our political system

About this episode

The most important political question in the age of advanced AI might not be who wins elections. It might be whether elections continue to matter at all.

That’s the view of Rose Hadshar, researcher at Forethought Research, who believes we could see extreme, AI-enabled power concentration without a coup or dramatic ‘end of democracy’ moment.

She foresees something more insidious: an elite group with access to such powerful AI capabilities that the normal mechanisms for checking elite power — law, elections, public pressure, the threat of strikes — cease to have much effect. Those mechanisms could continue to exist on paper, but become ineffectual in a world where humans are no longer needed to execute even the largest-scale projects.

Almost nobody wants this to happen — but we may find ourselves unable to prevent it.

If AI disrupts our ability to make sense of things, will we even notice power getting severely concentrated, or be able to resist it? Once AI can substitute for human labour across the economy, what leverage will citizens have over those in power? And what does all of this imply for the institutions we’re relying on to prevent the worst outcomes?

Rose has answers, and they’re not all reassuring.

But she’s also hopeful we can make society more robust against these dynamics. We’ve got literally centuries of thinking about checks and balances to draw on. And there are some interventions she’s excited about — like building sophisticated AI tools for making sense of the world, or ensuring multiple branches of government have access to the best AI systems.

In this conversation, Rose and host Zershaaneh Qureshi discuss all of this, and more:

• Three dynamics that could reshape political power in the AI era
• How AI gives small groups the productive power of millions
• Why AI-powered tyranny would be uniquely difficult to topple
• How power concentration compares to ‘gradual disempowerment’ by AI 
• Slower-moving scenarios that could still get scary 
• Which interventions could genuinely work — and which could backfire
• Rose's most promising approaches to fighting back against power concentration
• Why a ‘Manhattan Project’ approach to AI should worry you — and why international projects aren’t automatically safe either

Learn more and read the full transcript on the 80,000 Hours website.

This episode was originally released in March 2026.

Chapters:

• Cold open (00:00:00)
• Who’s Rose Hadshar? (00:01:05)
• Three dynamics that could reshape political power in the AI era (00:02:37)
• AI gives small groups the productive power of millions (00:12:49)
• Dynamic 1: When a software update becomes a power grab (00:20:41)
• Dyn